Classroom Management

.Classroom management is a term used by teachers to describe the process of ensuring that classroom lessons run smoothly despite disruptive behavior by students. The term also implies the prevention of disruptive behavior. It is possibly the most difficult aspect of teaching for many teachers; indeed experiencing problems in this area causes some to leave teaching altogether.

Classroom management is closely linked to issues of motivation, discipline and respect. Methodologies remain a matter of passionate debate among teachers; approaches vary depending on the beliefs a teacher holds regarding educational psychology. A large part of traditional classroom management involves behavior modification, although many teachers see using behavioral approaches alone as overly simplistic. Many teachers establish rules and procedures at the beginning of the school year. According to Gootman (2008), rules give students concrete direction to ensure that our expectation becomes a reality.

Classroom management as a process

Evertson and Weinstein characterize classroom management as the actions taken to 

create an environment that supports and facilitates academic and social–emotional learning. Toward this goal, teachers must develop caring, supportive relationships with and among students, organize and implement instruction in ways that optimize students’ access to learning, use group management methods that encourage students’ engagement in academic tasks, promote the development of students’ social skills and self–regulation and use appropriate interventions to assist students with behavior problems.

Dr. Tracey Garrett also describes classroom management as a process consisting of key tasks that teachers must attend to in order to develop an environment conducive to learning. These tasks include: 

(1) Organizing the physical environment,

(2) Establishing rules and routines,

(3) Developing caring relationships,

 (4) Implementing engaging instruction and

(5) Preventing and responding to discipline problems. 

Classroom management as time management

 The goal of classroom management, to Kauchak and Eggen, is to not only maintain order but to optimize student learning. They divide class time into four overlapping categories, namely allocated time, instructional time, engaged time, and academic learning time.

Allocated time

Allocated time is the total time allotted for teaching, learning, and routine classroom procedures like attendance and announcements. Allocated time is also what appears on a student's schedule, for example "Introductory Algebra: 9:50-10:30 a.m." or "Fine Arts 1:15-2:00 p.m."

Instructional time

Instructional time is what remains after routine classroom procedures are completed. That is to say, instructional time is the time wherein teaching and learning actually takes place. Teachers may spend two or three minutes taking attendance, for example, before their instruction begins. The time it takes for the teacher to do routine tasks can severely limit classroom instruction. Teachers must get a handle on classroom management to be effective. 

Engaged time

Engaged time is also called time on task. During engaged time, students are participating actively in learning activities—asking and responding to questions, completing worksheets and exercises, preparing skits and presentations, etc.

Academic learning time

Academic learning time occurs when students  participate actively and are successful in learning activities. Effective classroom management maximizes academic learning time.

Pedagogy VS Andragogy

In my previous class this week, I learned about 'PEDAGOGY' and 'ANDRAGOGY'.

Do you all know what is 'PEDAGOGY' means?

Pedagogy is the method and practice of teaching. It is more to teacher centered where teachers will be giving all the information students need to know. Students are dependent in this approach.Students come to class with very little information and they need to be told what they have to learn in order to advance to the next level of mastery. In Pedagogy approach, learning is a process of acquiring prescribed subject matter and contents are sequenced according to the logic of the subject matter. Another factor in pedagogy approach is it is primarily motivated but students will only compete for grades and sometime ends at failure,

'ANDRAGOGY' approach is opposite to 'PEDAGOGY'.

Where is it more alike student centered more to like discovery learning, students are self-directed and they are responsible for their own learning. Students will come to class with greater information and their experience becomes the source of self-identify. It triggers a readiness to learn whenever there is a change. Learners want to perform a task, solve a problem and live in a more satisfying way. This approach allows them to stay motivated, have better quality of life, higher self-confidence and able to achieve self-actualization.

This is what I learned about 'PEDAGOGY' and 'ANDRAGOGY'. Please drop your comments below if you are unclear of something.

Thanks for reading my blog. :D

The Constructivism

In my previous class I learned about the 'CONSTRUCTIVISM'. What is CONSTRUCTIVISM??? 

CONSTRUCTIVISM is a learning theory found in psychology which explains how people might acquire knowledge and learn. It has direct application to education. Constructivism is something alike student centered, where student will construct their own hypothesis by using their prior knowledge and experience and teachers will ONLY facilitate and provide guidelines to students. This is because everyone have different learning style and everyone have different way of understanding something, for example, the understanding way of students will differ from the way of how teachers understand it. 

Direct Instruction Theory

Direct Instruction is a theory of education which feels that most effective way to teach is by explicit, guided, instructions. This methods of teaching directly contrasts other style of teaching, which might be more passive or encourage exploration.

Mastery Teaching

Mastery teaching is where teachers should foster(encourage) students in academic.Getting students to learn which means make sure all students are paying attention and learning what teachers are teaching and checking the understanding of students by questioning them. 

Direct Instruction System for Teaching & Learning (DISTAR)

'DISTAR' is for slow learners and special need students (OKU) for example like students who do not understand easily, who have disabilities and etc... Teachers should give extra attention to this types of students, find out what students need to know to succeed and teach them by following the learning theory.

At the end of my class, I learned that teachers should never leave a student behind. Every one should be treated fairly. 

Do drop your comments. Thanks for reading my blog! :)

Cooperative Learning

Do you know what is 'Cooperative Learning'?

In my point of view based on what I have studied, 'Cooperative Learning' is an instructional strategy where small teams of students, usually two to six members, work together to maximize their individual and collective learning. Once after team members are organized into these small groups and receive instruction from their teacher, students within the team will cooperate with one another and work through the assignment until each team members successfully understands and completes it. Ultimately the shared goals are accomplished individually by each team member, and collectively by the group as a whole.

There are FIVE elements of 'Cooperative Learning' that I have studied.

1. Positive Interdependence
Where tasks and goals are clearly defined, commitments are made to both personal and group success.
2. Individual and Group Accountability
Where each team member must contribute to the group as a whole and each team member is accountable for helping the group reach its goals
3. Interpersonal and Small-Group Skills
Where each team member must be motivated, provide effective leadership, be able to make decisions, be able to trust, communicate and to manage conflicts when arise.
4. Face to Face Pro-motive Interaction
Where students must promote one another's success by sharing resources, explain how to solve problems, teach each other, discuss concepts being learned and etc...
5. Group Processing which also know as 'Reflection'
In this students must communicate openly, freely and respectfully discussing their concerns, must maintain effective working relationships and process status of goal achievement and accomplishment.

Do you know there are FOUR types of 'Cooperative Learning'? Do you wanna know what are they?

Based on what I have learned in my class, the four types of cooperative learning are known as:
1. Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD)
2. Teams Games Tournament (TGT)
3. Teams Assisted Individualization (TAI)
4. Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC)


'STAD' is a cooperative learning strategy in which small groups of learners with different levels of ability works together to accomplish a shared learning goal.

'TGT' is normally based on quizzes where teacher will present content in lecture and teams will work through problems/questions.


'TAI' this is where a student will work on their skill sheet and ask their partner to check their answers and provide assistance.

'CIRC' is a school based program which targets reading, writing and language. It has three principals which are direct instruction learning, story-related activities and integrated language interaction. Each student will be paired with another student and then assigned to a group of students at the same or different reading level. All activity follow a circle that teacher presentation, team practice and testing. Students are encouraged to help one another.

All these are what I have learned about 'Cooperative Learning' in my class. I am sorry if I have left out any or miss matched anything. Please do feel free to drop your comments and let me know what you think. Thanks for reading my blog again.

School of Thought

Student learning can be divided into three different groups, which are COGNITIVE, HUMANISTIC and BEHAVIORAL.

The Cognitive School of Thought 

The first school of thought about learning that I am going to review about is 'COGNITIVE'. The cognitive school of thought is to study how people think, with only the name 'COGNITIVE' we know that it is more related to our brain. Scientists have contributed two important ways to help us how to understand people learning and remembering which is information processing and meaningful learning.

Information processing is the study of how we take information into our memory, store it and how we use it when it is needed. It is basically about how we take in information and how to make the information which is stored to be remembered till lifetime. For example, how  to  transfer short-term memory to long-term memory and how it processes.

Meaningful learning is where scientists do research to find out how information can be made more meaningful so it can be understood and used better. Scientists also have come up with few approaches which includes how to prepare student for learning, present information clearly and logically, connect new information with what learners already know and etc... However, the most important part is teachers should engage and support learner in every way possible.

The Humanistic School of Thought

The second school of thought about learning is HUMANISTIC, which is mostly same as social psychology. Humanistic education focus on the social and emotional learning of student. Humanistic approach also recognize the importance of cognitive learning, it also feels that school focus on gathered information too much and lesser in helping students to learn to become a psychologically healthy person.

Humanistic school holds few core beliefs which is have self-confidence can result in positive personal development and also have high chances to achieve in academic. Another belief is that the school should be made to fit the school rather than the child made to fit the school.

The Behavioral School of Thought

The third school of thought about learning is BEHAVIORISM. Behaviorism is a learning process of reacting to external stimuli. Behavior can also be explained without considering mental states or consciousness. In behaviorism punishment, both positive and negative, decreases the possibility of an event happening again.

There are some strength and weakness that I personally feel in the school of behavioral school of thought. The strength is the amount of evidence that can be collected is abundant through observing people's behavior. The weakness is that not everything can e observed or studied in this manner and also because conditioning was learned from studying animals and humans are more complex compared to animals.

What is PEDAGOGY?

What is Pedagogy?  Pedagogy is defined as many different types of teaching which deals with the theory and practice in education. It can also be referred as the science and art of education.


In my point of view, from what I have learned from pedagogy is it concerns the study of how best to teach. There are many different ways of teaching. For example, discovery learning, group learning, independent study, hands on learning, distance learning and etc... 

I personally feel pedagogy is important in education also. Why? It is because pedagogy is the 'how' the teaching and learning occur. Students must construct their own understanding through teacher's considered learning experience.

Just About Me..

Greetings,

      About ME & only ME!

It is my pleasure to introduce myself. I am MOISVAR S/O CHAKRAVERAN but my friends call me MOIS. I am 22 years old. I am from Bukit Mertajam, Penang and doing my Bachelor in education at Unitar Alor Setar, Kedah. I love travelling, meeting new people, that is the reason why I have choose a campus which is away from my hometown. I am basically a record producer, I love getting into new stuffs, always seek for new experience and education is one of which i got my interest on.

My GOALS

I have my goal to be achieved in my career  which is to be an educator to educate my students and to inspire them with my teaching skills. This is because to have a positive impact on students so that they can contribute something to our country.

My Teaching Philosophy

I have a simple teaching philosophy which is to motivate my students to be brave to speak out on any opinion, so that they will be heard, be brave to take new steps in life( of cause in a positive way) and never give up no matter how hard the situation is. "Failure is when we stop trying".